cultural development

Referred to in

Charpentreau, Jacques. al-Thaqāfa al-Shaʿbiyya fī Faransā. Beirut: Dār ʿUwaydāt, 1961.

Eliot, T. S.. Mulāḥaẓāt naḥwa Taʿrīf al-Thaqāfa. Cairo: al-Muʾassasa al-Miṣriyya al-ʿĀmma,